United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations<\/p>\n
423 Dirksen Senate Office Building<\/p>\n
Washington, DC 20510-6225<\/p>\n
Phone: (202) 224-4651<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
US House of Representatives<\/p>\n
Committee on Foreign Affairs<\/p>\n
2170 Rayburn House Office Building<\/p>\n
Washington, DC 20515<\/p>\n
Phone: (202) 225-5021<\/p>\n
Letter re: Arrest and Trial of Paul Rusesabagina for Supporting Terrorist Attacks Against Rwanda<\/p>\n
We, College\u00a0 President, university professors, researchers, lawyers, engineers, and professionals in other areas, as American citizens and US residents, are writing this letter to draw your attention to the interests of the United States that are implicated in the arrest of Paul Rusesabagina on terrorism charges and his ongoing trial in Rwanda.<\/p>\n
Paul Rusesabagina was arrested in Rwanda on August 31, 2020, and he is being tried for terrorism in Rwandan criminal courts. Since his arrest, a number of news outlets, social media, human rights organizations, and commentators have consistently referred to him as \u201cHotel Rwanda hero\u201d without going beyond that label created by a fictional movie and so conveniently without mentioning the real reason of his arrest and trial.<\/p>\n
The heroism attributed to Paul Rusesabagina was created by the 2004 Hollywood movie Hotel Rwanda<\/em>, in which the main character allegedly saved more than 1200 Tutsi who had sought refuge at H\u00f4tel des Mille Collines<\/em> during the Genocide against the Tutsi. As a work of art and a call of worldwide attention to the genocide, the movie was effective but the characterization of Rusesabagina as a hero has been discredited. \u00a0Since the release of that movie, many survivors who were at the hotel during the Genocide against the Tutsi have told the story of what really happened. They have described Paul Rusesabagina as an opportunist who charged money from those who sought refuge at the hotel or required a signed check as a guarantee of future payment. One survivor, Edouard Kayihura, has co-authored a book with Kerry Zukus titled Inside the Hotel Rwanda: The Surprising True Story\u2026 and Why it Matters<\/em>. Other people with good knowledge of the events at the hotel have questioned the Hollywood version. General Romeo Dallaire, the Canadian who commanded the UN peacekeeping contingent in Rwanda, has referred to the movie as \u201cjunk\u201d because of its disregard for the truth. In a video that has been circulating on YouTube, Paul Rusesabagina himself acknowledges the embellishment of events in the movie.<\/p>\n For several years Paul Rusesabagina has used the fame gained from the movie to rewrite the history of the Genocide against the Tutsi by promoting the ideology of double genocide, a form of genocide denial punishable by law in a number of countries, including Germany, France, Belgium, and Rwanda. He has also used his stature to raise funds through a variety of channels.<\/p>\n On November 28, 2011, Rusesabagina was invited by Peter Erlinder at William Mitchell College of Law in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to discuss \u201cHuman Rights, Democracy and Dictatorship: The Rwanda Experience.\u201d In his presentation, Rusesabagina started to challenge the meaning of genocide. Surprised by Rusesabagina\u2019s revisionist narrative, a participant asked him to confirm if the \u201csavior\u201d of survivors was the one who was denying the genocide against the Tutsi.\u00a0 Rusesabagina first refused to respond: \u201cThis is a legal question. Let me give the mic over to Peter.\u201d\u00a0 He knew that Peter Erlinder had his own syllogism about the genocide against the Tutsi developed in his article \u201cRwanda: No Conspiracy, No Genocide Planning \u2026 No Genocide?\u201d available online.\u00a0 In his response, Erlinder had the same conclusion: \u201cthere was no evidence to support the allegation that there had been a long-term plan to commit genocide or other crimes.\u201d\u00a0 Another intervention from the audience insisted that Rusesabagina respond to the genocide question in more specific terms. He responded by equating perpetrators and their victims: \u201clet us be more specific. In Rwanda, it is true that the Hutu killed the Tutsi because they were Tutsi. 1994. From then they keep calling it a genocide. I do agree with it. But please do not insist saying that there is a perpetrator and a victim. Rwandans, in general, we all of us have been perpetrators and victims.\u201d \u00a0In\u00a0The Drowned and the Saved<\/em>, Primo Levi, a survivor of the Holocaust, warned against this form of genocide denial, declaring that \u201c[t]he oppressor remains what he is, and so does the victim. They are not interchangeable.\u201d<\/p>\n The purpose of this letter is not to revisit Rusesabagina\u2019s controversial role during the genocide, although testimonies from survivors have always questioned his side of the story. Our intention is to recall that the debate should focus on allegations of crimes against Paul Rusesabagina, the conditions of his current detention, and his right to a fair trial under the Rwandan criminal justice system.<\/p>\n According to the prosecution, Rusesabagina has been accused of forming terror groups, financing terrorism, conscripting child soldiers, and kidnapping, among other indictments. \u00a0It is our observation that media coverage and Rusesabagina\u2019s defenders intentionally have chosen neither to challenge charges against him nor to address his role in the formation of the National Liberation Front (FLN) which has been operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Burundi. This criminal organization served as an armed wing of the Rwandan Movement for Democratic Change (MRDC).\u00a0 In 2018, on three different occasions, the FLN carried out violent attacks inside Rwanda, killed nine civilians, injured several other people, and destroyed property.\u00a0 Paul Rusesabagina made several declarations claiming responsibility and celebrating their criminal acts.\u00a0 In various events and declarations, he publicly announced his support to his National Liberation Front (FLN). In early 2019, in a video available online, Rusesabagina reconfirmed his allegiance to his criminal group, declared war against Rwanda, and called for recruitment and mobilization, stating:<\/p>\n Since the beginning of July 2018, the FLN launched a military struggle to liberate the Rwandan people until today in 2019. It is imperative that we speed up the Liberation struggle (\u2026).<\/p>\n The time has come for us to use any means possible to bring about change in Rwanda. As all political means have been tried and failed, it is time to attempt our last resort.<\/p>\n Hence, I plead my unreserved support that our youth, the National Liberation Forces, NLF, launched against the Kagame\u2019s army in order to free Rwandan people.\u00a0 As Rwandans, it is important to understand that this is the only way to bring about change in the whole country. For this fact, I call upon Rwandans, all political and civil society organizations to support these young women and young men who took a lead in this struggle and to mobilize.<\/p>\n His association with and support to rebel groups based in neighboring DRC and Burundi are not recent, including financial support to groups like the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda<\/em> (FDLR), according to several sources. An article published in The Guardian<\/em> on October 28, 2010, quoted Martin Ngoga, then Rwanda\u2019s prosecutor general, who said, \u201cWe have evidence that Paul Rusesabagina is one of those others who have been financing the same genocidal rebels of the FDLR\u201d.\u00a0This armed rebel group is still active in eastern DRC.<\/p>\n According to the United Nations Security Council, FDLR \u201chas committed serious violations of international law involving the targeting of women and children in armed conflict, including killing and maiming, sexual violence, and forced displacement\u201d as well as acts of abduction of children and recruitment and use of child soldiers.\u00a0 In its 2009 annual report, the National Counterterrorism Center provided detailed statistical information regarding the state of terrorist groups in the world and included FDLR. In the same year, the United Nations sanctioned top leaders of FDLR.\u00a0 The United States decided to back the international community sanctions: \u201cAs a result, these men\u2019s assets under U.S. jurisdiction are frozen, and U.S. persons are prohibited from engaging in any transactions with them.\u201d Despite this condemnation by the United Nations Security Council and the US State Department, Rusesabagina continued to support FDLR financially, creating an alliance with them and even calling them a \u201cliberation movement.\u201d<\/p>\n Some of Rusesabagina\u2019s actions and declarations supporting armed groups are set forth below:<\/p>\n May 17, 2008: Intercepted messages from rebels operating in Walikale (the Democratic Republic of the Congo) mentioned collaboration with Rusesabagina.<\/p>\n August 12, 2008: Various groups, including FDLR, formed an alliance, and Rusesabagina became responsible for diplomacy.<\/p>\n February 15, 2011: Addressing students at the University of Central Florida, Paul Rusesabagina repeatedly called FDLR a \u201cRwandan liberation movement.\u201d<\/p>\n June 26, 2011: Belgian police questioned Rusesabagina for three hours in the presence of Rwandan prosecutors.<\/p>\n April 7, 2017: A communiqu\u00e9 from the Rwandan Movement for Democratic Change (MRDC) announced armed struggle against Rwanda.<\/p>\n April 15, 2018: MRDC communiqu\u00e9 signed by its spokesperson Callixte Nsabimana (aka Major Sankara) claimed responsibility for the June and July attacks in Rwanda.<\/p>\n April 22, 2019: In an interview with Voice of America<\/em>, Rusesabagina affirmed that his armed group, FLN, was in Rwanda and would continue until they achieve their mission.<\/p>\n October 25, 2020: Rwanda Broadcasting Agency posted a YouTube video showing an interview with children recruited by the FLN. These children are currently at the Mutobo Rehabilitation Center in Rwanda.<\/p>\n We, the undersigned, consider the defense of Rusesabagina\u2019s \u201cheroism\u201d by some people in the media and human rights groups as a digression from Rusesabagina\u2019s significant involvement in terrorist acts against Rwanda.<\/p>\n We believe that it is in the interest of the United States to have a Central\/Eastern Africa characterized by peace, security, political stability, and economic conditions that create a fair environment for development in the region. Paul Rusesabagina\u2019s FLN, the MRDC, and their affiliates have undermined peace and security and contributed to ungoverned or poorly governed areas and political instability in eastern DRC. This is an area that has continuously been used to launch terrorist attacks into Rwanda. These non-state entities and their leaders need to be held accountable if America\u2019s interest in the region is to be achieved.<\/p>\n The arrest and fair trial of Paul Rusesabagina are laudable in this accountability effort. If there is any lingering doubt about his involvement in the armed conflicts in the DRC and the terrorist attacks in Rwanda, we would welcome further investigations in line with U.S. laws , especially for \u201cacts of terrorism transcending national boundaries\u201d and \u201cfinancial transactions to a terrorist group involving a\u00a0United States person\u201d (United States citizen or national;\u00a0 permanent resident alien; juridical person organized under the laws of the United States; or any person in the United States).<\/p>\n Respectfully,<\/p>\n Signatories:<\/p>\n Susan Allen<\/strong>, MD, MPH, PhD,<\/strong> Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA<\/p>\n Gatsinzi Basaninyenzi,<\/strong> PhD, <\/strong>Associate Professor of English, Alabama A & M University, AL<\/p>\n Margee Ensign<\/strong>, PhD, <\/strong>President, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA<\/p>\n Karen B. Froming, PhD, <\/strong>Adjunct Professor\/Researcher in Rwanda and Central African Republic, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA.<\/p>\n B\u00e9a Rangira Gallimore<\/strong>, PhD, <\/strong>Professor Emerita of French, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO<\/p>\n Gaetan Gatete<\/strong>, Engineer, Manager, Manufacturing Systems, AM General, South Bend, IN<\/p>\n Sarah Gendron, PhD, <\/strong>Associate Professor of Francophone Studies and Cultural Studies, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI<\/p>\n Gerise Herndon<\/strong>, PhD, <\/strong>Professor of English, Chair of Women and Gender Studies, Nebraska Wesleyan University Lincoln, NE<\/p>\n Timothy Horner<\/strong>, D. Phil, <\/strong>Teaching Professor, Center for Peace and Justice Education, Villanova University, PA<\/p>\n Jean-Pierre Karegeye<\/strong>, PhD, <\/strong>Visiting Scholar in Philosophy, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA<\/p>\n Jean Kayitsinga<\/strong>, Ph.D, <\/strong>Assistant Professor, Julian Samora Research Institute, University Outreach and Engagement, Michigan State University, MI<\/p>\n Monika Kirenga, JD, LLM,<\/strong> Office of General Counsel, Los Angeles, CA<\/p>\n Charles Mironko, PhD<\/strong>, Non-Resident Fellow, Hutchins Center for African and African American Research, Harvard University, MA<\/p>\n Murutamanga L. Kabahita, PhD<\/strong>, Associate Professor of French (Retired), Tennessee State University, TN<\/p>\n John Musiine, <\/strong>President of the U.S. Rwandan Community Abroad (Rwandan Diaspora in the USA), Indianapolis, IN<\/p>\n Martin Musinguzi<\/strong>, JD<\/strong>, Attorney-at-Law, Charlotte, NC<\/p>\n Etienne Musonera<\/strong>, PhD, <\/strong>Associate Professor of Marketing, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA<\/p>\n Willis Shalita, <\/strong>Retired Special Investigator, The State Bar of California, Journalist, Blogger<\/p>\n Amy Spears<\/strong>, PhD, <\/strong>Associate Professor of Music Education, Nebraska Wesleyan, NE<\/p>\n Herv\u00e9 Tchumkam, PhD, <\/strong>Associate Professor of Francophone Postcolonial Studies & Fellow,\u00a0 John G. Tower Center for Political Studies, Southern Methodist University,TX<\/p>\n Aimable Twagilimana<\/strong>, PhD, <\/strong>Professor of English & Fulbright Scholar, State University of New York\/Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY<\/p>\n Tekle O. Wanorie, PhD<\/strong>, Associate Professor, School of Business, Northwest Missouri State University. MO<\/p>\n Lisa A. Wilkinson<\/strong>, PhD, <\/strong>Professor of Philosophy and Gender Studies, Nebraska Wesleyan, NE<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations 423 Dirksen Senate Office Building Washington, DC 20510-6225 Phone: (202) 224-4651 US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs 2170 Rayburn House Office Building Washington, DC 20515 Phone: (202) 225-5021 Letter re: Arrest and Trial of Paul Rusesabagina for Supporting Terrorist Attacks Against Rwanda We, College\u00a0 President, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":617,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,15],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=615"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":616,"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615\/revisions\/616"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.internews.org.rw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}