423 Dirksen Senate Office Building

Washington, DC 20510-6225

Phone: (202) 224-4651

US House of Representatives

Committee on Foreign Affairs

2170 Rayburn House Office Building

Washington, DC 20515

Phone: (202) 225-5021

Letter re: Arrest and Trial of Paul Rusesabagina for Supporting Terrorist Attacks Against Rwanda

We, College  President, university professors, researchers, lawyers, engineers, and professionals in other areas, as American citizens and US residents, are writing this letter to draw your attention to the interests of the United States that are implicated in the arrest of Paul Rusesabagina on terrorism charges and his ongoing trial in Rwanda.

Paul Rusesabagina was arrested in Rwanda on August 31, 2020, and he is being tried for terrorism in Rwandan criminal courts. Since his arrest, a number of news outlets, social media, human rights organizations, and commentators have consistently referred to him as “Hotel Rwanda hero” without going beyond that label created by a fictional movie and so conveniently without mentioning the real reason of his arrest and trial.

The heroism attributed to Paul Rusesabagina was created by the 2004 Hollywood movie Hotel Rwanda, in which the main character allegedly saved more than 1200 Tutsi who had sought refuge at Hôtel des Mille Collines during the Genocide against the Tutsi. As a work of art and a call of worldwide attention to the genocide, the movie was effective but the characterization of Rusesabagina as a hero has been discredited.  Since the release of that movie, many survivors who were at the hotel during the Genocide against the Tutsi have told the story of what really happened. They have described Paul Rusesabagina as an opportunist who charged money from those who sought refuge at the hotel or required a signed check as a guarantee of future payment. One survivor, Edouard Kayihura, has co-authored a book with Kerry Zukus titled Inside the Hotel Rwanda: The Surprising True Story… and Why it Matters. Other people with good knowledge of the events at the hotel have questioned the Hollywood version. General Romeo Dallaire, the Canadian who commanded the UN peacekeeping contingent in Rwanda, has referred to the movie as “junk” because of its disregard for the truth. In a video that has been circulating on YouTube, Paul Rusesabagina himself acknowledges the embellishment of events in the movie.

For several years Paul Rusesabagina has used the fame gained from the movie to rewrite the history of the Genocide against the Tutsi by promoting the ideology of double genocide, a form of genocide denial punishable by law in a number of countries, including Germany, France, Belgium, and Rwanda. He has also used his stature to raise funds through a variety of channels.

On November 28, 2011, Rusesabagina was invited by Peter Erlinder at William Mitchell College of Law in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to discuss “Human Rights, Democracy and Dictatorship: The Rwanda Experience.” In his presentation, Rusesabagina started to challenge the meaning of genocide. Surprised by Rusesabagina’s revisionist narrative, a participant asked him to confirm if the “savior” of survivors was the one who was denying the genocide against the Tutsi.  Rusesabagina first refused to respond: “This is a legal question. Let me give the mic over to Peter.”  He knew that Peter Erlinder had his own syllogism about the genocide against the Tutsi developed in his article “Rwanda: No Conspiracy, No Genocide Planning … No Genocide?” available online.  In his response, Erlinder had the same conclusion: “there was no evidence to support the allegation that there had been a long-term plan to commit genocide or other crimes.”  Another intervention from the audience insisted that Rusesabagina respond to the genocide question in more specific terms. He responded by equating perpetrators and their victims: “let us be more specific. In Rwanda, it is true that the Hutu killed the Tutsi because they were Tutsi. 1994. From then they keep calling it a genocide. I do agree with it. But please do not insist saying that there is a perpetrator and a victim. Rwandans, in general, we all of us have been perpetrators and victims.”  In The Drowned and the Saved, Primo Levi, a survivor of the Holocaust, warned against this form of genocide denial, declaring that “[t]he oppressor remains what he is, and so does the victim. They are not interchangeable.”

The purpose of this letter is not to revisit Rusesabagina’s controversial role during the genocide, although testimonies from survivors have always questioned his side of the story. Our intention is to recall that the debate should focus on allegations of crimes against Paul Rusesabagina, the conditions of his current detention, and his right to a fair trial under the Rwandan criminal justice system.

According to the prosecution, Rusesabagina has been accused of forming terror groups, financing terrorism, conscripting child soldiers, and kidnapping, among other indictments.  It is our observation that media coverage and Rusesabagina’s defenders intentionally have chosen neither to challenge charges against him nor to address his role in the formation of the National Liberation Front (FLN) which has been operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Burundi. This criminal organization served as an armed wing of the Rwandan Movement for Democratic Change (MRDC).  In 2018, on three different occasions, the FLN carried out violent attacks inside Rwanda, killed nine civilians, injured several other people, and destroyed property.  Paul Rusesabagina made several declarations claiming responsibility and celebrating their criminal acts.  In various events and declarations, he publicly announced his support to his National Liberation Front (FLN). In early 2019, in a video available online, Rusesabagina reconfirmed his allegiance to his criminal group, declared war against Rwanda, and called for recruitment and mobilization, stating:

Since the beginning of July 2018, the FLN launched a military struggle to liberate the Rwandan people until today in 2019. It is imperative that we speed up the Liberation struggle (…).

The time has come for us to use any means possible to bring about change in Rwanda. As all political means have been tried and failed, it is time to attempt our last resort.

Hence, I plead my unreserved support that our youth, the National Liberation Forces, NLF, launched against the Kagame’s army in order to free Rwandan people.  As Rwandans, it is important to understand that this is the only way to bring about change in the whole country. For this fact, I call upon Rwandans, all political and civil society organizations to support these young women and young men who took a lead in this struggle and to mobilize.

His association with and support to rebel groups based in neighboring DRC and Burundi are not recent, including financial support to groups like the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), according to several sources. An article published in The Guardian on October 28, 2010, quoted Martin Ngoga, then Rwanda’s prosecutor general, who said, “We have evidence that Paul Rusesabagina is one of those others who have been financing the same genocidal rebels of the FDLR”. This armed rebel group is still active in eastern DRC.

According to the United Nations Security Council, FDLR “has committed serious violations of international law involving the targeting of women and children in armed conflict, including killing and maiming, sexual violence, and forced displacement” as well as acts of abduction of children and recruitment and use of child soldiers.  In its 2009 annual report, the National Counterterrorism Center provided detailed statistical information regarding the state of terrorist groups in the world and included FDLR. In the same year, the United Nations sanctioned top leaders of FDLR.  The United States decided to back the international community sanctions: “As a result, these men’s assets under U.S. jurisdiction are frozen, and U.S. persons are prohibited from engaging in any transactions with them.” Despite this condemnation by the United Nations Security Council and the US State Department, Rusesabagina continued to support FDLR financially, creating an alliance with them and even calling them a “liberation movement.”

Some of Rusesabagina’s actions and declarations supporting armed groups are set forth below:

May 17, 2008: Intercepted messages from rebels operating in Walikale (the Democratic Republic of the Congo) mentioned collaboration with Rusesabagina.

August 12, 2008: Various groups, including FDLR, formed an alliance, and Rusesabagina became responsible for diplomacy.

February 15, 2011: Addressing students at the University of Central Florida, Paul Rusesabagina repeatedly called FDLR a “Rwandan liberation movement.”

June 26, 2011: Belgian police questioned Rusesabagina for three hours in the presence of Rwandan prosecutors.

April 7, 2017: A communiqué from the Rwandan Movement for Democratic Change (MRDC) announced armed struggle against Rwanda.

April 15, 2018: MRDC communiqué signed by its spokesperson Callixte Nsabimana (aka Major Sankara) claimed responsibility for the June and July attacks in Rwanda.

April 22, 2019: In an interview with Voice of America, Rusesabagina affirmed that his armed group, FLN, was in Rwanda and would continue until they achieve their mission.

October 25, 2020: Rwanda Broadcasting Agency posted a YouTube video showing an interview with children recruited by the FLN. These children are currently at the Mutobo Rehabilitation Center in Rwanda.

We, the undersigned, consider the defense of Rusesabagina’s “heroism” by some people in the media and human rights groups as a digression from Rusesabagina’s significant involvement in terrorist acts against Rwanda.

We believe that it is in the interest of the United States to have a Central/Eastern Africa characterized by peace, security, political stability, and economic conditions that create a fair environment for development in the region. Paul Rusesabagina’s FLN, the MRDC, and their affiliates have undermined peace and security and contributed to ungoverned or poorly governed areas and political instability in eastern DRC. This is an area that has continuously been used to launch terrorist attacks into Rwanda. These non-state entities and their leaders need to be held accountable if America’s interest in the region is to be achieved.

The arrest and fair trial of Paul Rusesabagina are laudable in this accountability effort. If there is any lingering doubt about his involvement in the armed conflicts in the DRC and the terrorist attacks in Rwanda, we would welcome further investigations in line with U.S. laws , especially for “acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries” and “financial transactions to a terrorist group involving a United States person” (United States citizen or national;  permanent resident alien; juridical person organized under the laws of the United States; or any person in the United States).

Respectfully,

Signatories:

Susan Allen, MD, MPH, PhD, Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA

Gatsinzi Basaninyenzi, PhD, Associate Professor of English, Alabama A & M University, AL

Margee Ensign, PhD, President, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA

Karen B. Froming, PhD, Adjunct Professor/Researcher in Rwanda and Central African Republic, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA.

Béa Rangira Gallimore, PhD, Professor Emerita of French, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO

Gaetan Gatete, Engineer, Manager, Manufacturing Systems, AM General, South Bend, IN

Sarah Gendron, PhD, Associate Professor of Francophone Studies and Cultural Studies, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI

Gerise Herndon, PhD, Professor of English, Chair of Women and Gender Studies, Nebraska Wesleyan University Lincoln, NE

Timothy Horner, D. Phil, Teaching Professor, Center for Peace and Justice Education, Villanova University, PA

Jean-Pierre Karegeye, PhD, Visiting Scholar in Philosophy, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA

Jean Kayitsinga, Ph.D, Assistant Professor, Julian Samora Research Institute, University Outreach and Engagement, Michigan State University, MI

Monika Kirenga, JD, LLM, Office of General Counsel, Los Angeles, CA

Charles Mironko, PhD, Non-Resident Fellow, Hutchins Center for African and African American Research, Harvard University, MA

Murutamanga L. Kabahita, PhD, Associate Professor of French (Retired), Tennessee State University, TN

John Musiine, President of the U.S. Rwandan Community Abroad (Rwandan Diaspora in the USA), Indianapolis, IN

Martin Musinguzi, JD, Attorney-at-Law, Charlotte, NC

Etienne Musonera, PhD, Associate Professor of Marketing, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA

Willis Shalita, Retired Special Investigator, The State Bar of California, Journalist, Blogger

Amy Spears, PhD, Associate Professor of Music Education, Nebraska Wesleyan, NE

Hervé Tchumkam, PhD, Associate Professor of Francophone Postcolonial Studies & Fellow,  John G. Tower Center for Political Studies, Southern Methodist University,TX

Aimable Twagilimana, PhD, Professor of English & Fulbright Scholar, State University of New York/Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY

Tekle O. Wanorie, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Business, Northwest Missouri State University. MO

Lisa A. Wilkinson, PhD, Professor of Philosophy and Gender Studies, Nebraska Wesleyan, NE

The post US scholars on Arrest and Trial of Paul Rusesabagina in Rwanda first appeared on Internews Rwanda.

Opening an international conference in London on the crisis-stricken east African state, the Prime Minister said that it was in the interests of the international community to help restore stability after two decades of turmoil.

“These problems in Somalia don’t just affect Somalia. They affect us all,” he said.

“In a country where there is no hope, chaos, violence and terrorism thrive. Pirates are disrupting vital trade routes and kidnapping tourists.

“Young minds are being poisoned by radicalism, breeding terrorism that is threatening the security of the whole world.

“If the rest of us just sit back and look on, we will pay a price for doing so.”

Representatives of more than 50 countries and international organisations are attending the high-level event at Lancaster House, including United Nations secretary general Ban Ki-moon, US secretary of state Hillary Clinton, and the leaders of neighbouring African nations.

Mr Cameron said he hoped the conference would mark a “turning point” for Somalia and put in place the “building blocks” of a more stable nation.

He welcomed the decision by the UN Security Council to increase the strength of the African Union force in the country (Amisom) – which succeeded last year in driving the extremist al Shabaab group from the capital Mogadishu – from 12,000 to 17,700 troops.

He said Amisom needed to be able to put the al Qaida-linked al Shabaab “permanently into retreat”.

Mr Cameron also called for further action against the Somali pirates, calling for the creation of an international taskforce on ransoms.

“Let’s set the ultimate ambition of stopping these payments because in the end they only ensure that crime pays,” he said.

Mr Cameron also stressed the importance of political progress, with the mandate of the existing transitional institutions due to expire in August.

“Somalia is within reach of a new political process that will involve all Somalis and ultimately a new government truly accountable to the demands of its people and properly representative of all Somalia’s regions,” he said.

He said that Britain, Denmark, Norway, the United Arab Emirates and the Netherlands were setting up a local stability fund to provide support from previously neglected regions – including those emerging from terrorist control.

At the same the UK was providing a further £51 million over the next three years to support Somalia refugees who fled the country for neighbouring Kenya and Ethiopia.

“This will facilitate local people building a network of safer, better governed areas that can gradually put the squeeze on areas still held by al Shabaab,” he said.

The Prime Minister added: “Today is the next stage of a long journey for Somalia and its people but our message to the people of Somalia is that we believe in them and we back them in trying to fix their problems.”

In his opening remarks, Mr Ban said: “We have opened a space for peace and stability in Somalia. It is a small space but it presents an opportunity we cannot afford to miss.”

The USA is committing an additional 64 million dollars (£40.7 million) to humanitarian assistance to the Horn of Africa, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton told the London conference.

The pledge brings total US emergency aid to the famine-stricken area to 934 million dollars (£594 million) since the start of 2011, with 211 million dollars (£134 million) of that money going towards life-saving programmes in Somalia, she said.

Mrs Clinton voiced America’s backing for programmes to tackle piracy off the coast of Somalia and urged all nations to be prepared to prosecute and jail pirates involved in attacks on ships flagged, owned or crewed by their country.

She applauded United Nations programmes to build up Somalia’s judicial and prison systems and said the US was considering offering help to projects to provide young men in areas dominated by pirates with alternative ways to earn a living.

America supports the regional anti-piracy intelligence co-ordination centre set up in the Seychelles and the UK-led international task-force to discourage the payment of ransoms to pirates, she said.

Mrs Clinton told the conference: “As the security and political situation improves, the US will look for ways to increase our involvement in Somalia, including considering a more permanent diplomatic presence.

“We will continue to deliver support of all kinds and to help build a broad and durable partnership with both the Somali government and people.

“For decades, the world focused on what we could prevent from happening in Somalia – conflict, famine and terrorism.

“Now, we are focused on what we can build.

“I think the opportunity is real and now we have to work with the TFG as it transitions out of power to build a durable peace for the Somali people and to support a government that delivers services and offers democracy and prosperity, uniting Somalia after so many years of division and chaos.”

The post We can’t ignore Somalia, warns David Cameron first appeared on Internews Rwanda.